ABSTRACT
Verocytotoxic Escherichia (E.) coli strains are responsible for swine oedema disease, which is an enterotoxaemia that causes economic losses in the pig industry. The production of a vaccine for oral administration in transgenic seeds could be an efficient system to stimulate local immunity. This study was conducted to transform tobacco plants for the seed-specific expression of antigenic proteins from a porcine verocytotoxic E. coli strain. Parameters related to an immunological response and possible adverse effects on the oral administration of obtained tobacco seeds were evaluated in a mouse model. Tobacco was transformed via Agrobacteium tumefaciens with chimeric constructs containing structural parts of the major subunit FedA of the F18 adhesive fimbriae and VT2e B-subunit genes under control of a seed specific GLOB promoter. We showed that the foreign Vt2e-B and F18 genes were stably accumulated in storage tissue by the immunostaining method. In addition, Balb-C mice receiving transgenic tobacco seeds via the oral route showed a significant increase in IgA-positive plasma cell presence in tunica propria when compared to the control group with no observed adverse effects. Our findings encourage future studies focusing on swine for evaluation of the protective effects of transformed tobacco seeds against E. coli infection.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Administration, Oral , Agrobacterium tumefaciens , Antigens, Bacterial/genetics , Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage , Edema Disease of Swine/immunology , Escherichia coli Infections/immunology , Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics , Fimbriae Proteins/genetics , Genetic Engineering , Intestines/immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Models, Animal , Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics , Seeds/genetics , Shiga Toxin 2/genetics , Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli/genetics , Swine , Tobacco/genetics , Virulence Factors/geneticsABSTRACT
O objetivo do estudo foi realizar avaliação da composição corporal segmentar comparativa de atletas competitivos de maratonae triatletismo para determinar diferenças na composição corporal segmentar. Participaram do estudo 17 indivíduos do sexo masculino(9 maratonistas e 8 triatletas), sendo o protocolo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética (Protocolo 226/08). Foram mensurados peso, estatura e realizado exame de bioimpedância tetrapolar (Tanita Ironman BCC 558) para análise segmentar da composição corporal. Como principais resultados observou-se que apesar de não haver diferença estatística no percentual de gordura entre maratonistas e triatletas,15,2 ± 2,6 vs 15,4 ± 1,5% respectivamente, ocorreram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os percentuais de gordura dobraço direito e esquerdo de maratonistas, sendo que os triatletas exibiram composição segmentar equivalente entre hemicorpo direto eesquerdo. Novas abordagens na análise da composição corporal são ferramentas de acompanhamento físico e nutricional com impacto positivo de refletirem intervenções com finalidade de recomendações para o acompanhamento do rendimento de atletas competitivos nas modalidades de maratona e atletismo, esporte que no Brasil exibe crescimento e aderência de sua prática.
The objective of the study was to carry through a comparative segmental evaluation of the corporal composition of competitive athletes in marathons and triathlons to determine differences in their segmental body composition. 17 male individuals had participated in the study (9 marathon and 8 triathlon athletes), and the protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee (Protocol 226/08). We measured weight and stature and carried through a tetrapolar bioimpedance examination (Tanita Ironman BCC 558) for segmentalanalysis of their body composition. As main results, it was observed that although there were no statistical differences in the percentageof fat among triathlon and marathon athletes (15,2 ± 2,6 versus 15,4 ± 1.5%, respectively), there were significant statistical differencesamong the percentages of fat of the right and left arms of marathon athletes, and triathlon athletes presented an equivalent segmental composition in right and left hemibodies. New approaches in relation to the analysis of the body composition are tools for physical and nutritional monitoring with positive impact in the interventions, with the purpose of making recommendations for monitoringperformance of competitive athletes in the modalities of marathon and athletics, sport that in Brazil is ever more adopted and admired.
El objetivo del estudio fue hacer una evaluación segmentaria comparativa de la composición corporal de atletas competitivos en los maratones y los triatlones para determinar diferencias en su composición segmentaria del cuerpo. 17 individuos masculinos hanparticipado en el estudio (9 del maratón y 8 del triatlón), y el protocolo fue aprobado por el comité de ética (protocolo 226/08). Medimosel peso y la estatura y hicimos una examinación de bioimpedancia tetrapolar (Tanita Ironman BCC 558) para el análisis segmentario dela composición del cuerpo. Como resultados principales, fue observado que aunque no hubiera diferencias estadísticas en el porcentajede la grasa entre los atletas del triatlón y del maratón (± 15.2 2.6 contra ± 15.4 1.5%, respectivamente), hubo diferencias estadísticassignificativas entre los porcentajes de la grasa de los brazos derechos e izquierdos de los atletas del maratón, y los atletas del triatlón presentaran una composición segmentaria equivalente en hemicuerpos derechos e izquierdos. Los nuevos acercamientos en lo referente al análisis de la composición del cuerpo son herramientas para la supervisión física y alimenticia con impacto positivo en las intervenciones,con el propósito de ofrecer recomendaciones para el funcionamiento de la supervisión de atletas competitivos en las modalidades del maratón y del atletismo, una práctica deportiva que en el Brasil es siempre más adoptada y admirada.